Allergies are when your immune system overreacts to something that is usually harmless, like pollen, pet hair, certain foods, or medications. This can cause symptoms like sneezing, itching, rashes, or trouble breathing.

This type of allergy is caused by breathing in substances like dust, mold, pollen, or animal dander. It can lead to sneezing, a runny nose, itchy eyes, or asthma symptoms like wheezing.

A penicillin allergy is a reaction to a common antibiotic used to treat infections. It can cause rash, itching, swelling, and in severe cases, a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis.

Anaemia happens when you don’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen through your body. It can make you feel tired, weak, and short of breath.

This is a type of anaemia that develops slowly in people with ongoing health conditions like infections or inflammation. It’s caused by the body not using iron properly, even if there’s enough of it.

This is not a disease, but a healthcare approach to using antibiotics wisely to prevent resistance. It helps make sure infections are treated effectively without overusing medications.

Asthma is a condition where your airways narrow and swell, making it hard to breathe. It can cause coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, especially during exercise or at night.

This is a rare condition where the immune system attacks the brain, causing inflammation. It can lead to confusion, seizures, memory problems, and behavior changes. Early treatment is very important.

Breast cancer is a disease where cells in the breast grow out of control. It can cause a lump, changes in breast shape, or skin dimpling. Early detection through screening can save lives.

COVID-19 is a viral infection caused by the coronavirus. It spreads easily and can cause fever, cough, tiredness, and loss of smell or taste. It can be mild or severe and is preventable with vaccines.

Coeliac disease is a condition where eating gluten damages the small intestine. Gluten is found in foods like wheat, rye, and barley. It can cause stomach pain, bloating, diarrhea, and tiredness. A gluten-free diet helps manage the symptoms.

Colorectal carcinoma is cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It may cause changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, and abdominal discomfort. Screening tests like colonoscopies can help detect it early.

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition that affects the lungs and digestive system. It causes thick, sticky mucus that can lead to lung infections and poor digestion. It needs lifelong care and treatment.

Diabetes is a condition where the body can't properly control blood sugar levels. This leads to high blood sugar, which can cause fatigue, thirst, and long-term complications if untreated.

Also called gestational diabetes, this condition happens during pregnancy and causes high blood sugar. It usually goes away after birth but needs management to keep mother and baby healthy.

Diabetes is a condition where your body cannot properly control blood sugar levels. This can lead to symptoms like thirst, frequent urination, tiredness, and slow healing.

This is not a disease, but a process where healthcare professionals help you understand how inherited conditions might affect you or your family. It can guide decisions about testing and treatment.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that infects the stomach and can cause ulcers. It may lead to stomach pain, nausea, and bloating. It is treated with antibiotics.

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. Without treatment, it can lead to AIDS. HIV is manageable with medication, allowing people to live long and healthy lives.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that spreads through sexual contact. Some types can cause genital warts or lead to cancers like cervical cancer. Vaccines can help prevent infection.

This is a medical treatment for certain cancers and blood disorders. It replaces unhealthy bone marrow with healthy cells. It’s not a disease, but a complex procedure that can be life-saving.

Haemophilia A is a bleeding disorder where the blood doesn't clot properly. People with this condition can bleed for a long time after injury or surgery. Treatment involves clotting factor replacement.

This is a rare but serious reaction to the blood thinner heparin. It causes a drop in platelets and increases the risk of dangerous blood clots. It requires immediate medical attention.

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, often caused by viruses, alcohol, or medications. Symptoms can include fatigue, yellowing of the skin, and nausea.

This condition means there are high levels of fats, like cholesterol, in the blood. It increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. It can often be managed with diet, exercise, and medication.

This occurs when the parathyroid glands produce too much hormone, leading to high calcium levels. It can cause fatigue, kidney stones, and bone weakness.

This condition involves low testosterone levels in older men. It can lead to tiredness, low libido, mood changes, and reduced muscle mass. It may be treated with hormone therapy.

Immunodeficiency means the immune system is weakened and can't fight infections well. It may be inherited or caused by illness or medications. Treatment depends on the cause.

Not a disease, but blood test indicators that show if there's inflammation in the body. High levels may point to infections, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions.

Influenza (flu) is a common viral infection causing fever, chills, cough, sore throat, and body aches. It spreads easily and can be more severe in the elderly and people with chronic illnesses.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function. It can lead to fatigue, swelling, and high blood pressure. Treatment slows progression and may include dialysis in advanced stages.

Lung cancer starts in the lungs and is often linked to smoking. Symptoms may include coughing, chest pain, or weight loss.

Malaria is a serious disease spread by mosquito bites. It causes fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. It is preventable and curable.

This refers to problems in men that make it hard to cause pregnancy. It may be due to low sperm count, poor sperm quality, or hormone imbalances. Testing and treatment options are available.

Monkeypox is a rare virus that causes a rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. It spreads through close contact. Most people recover fully, but it can be serious in some cases.

These are a group of blood disorders where the bone marrow doesn’t make enough healthy blood cells. It may lead to fatigue, infections, or bleeding. Some cases can progress to leukemia.

Neutropaenia is when the body has too few neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that fights infection. It can be caused by medications, illness, or bone marrow problems.

Not a disease, but a test done on babies shortly after birth to check for rare conditions that can be treated early. It helps prevent serious health problems.

Obesity means having too much body fat, which can increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other health issues. It is managed through healthy eating, exercise, and sometimes medication or surgery.

Osteoporosis makes bones weak and more likely to break. It often has no symptoms until a fracture occurs.

Osteoporosis makes bones weak and more likely to break. It often has no symptoms until a fracture occurs.

Not a disease — paternity testing is used to determine the biological father of a child. It’s often done using DNA testing.

Also known as whooping cough, this is a bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits. It can be dangerous for babies. Vaccination helps prevent it.

Not a disease — it’s the study of how your genes affect your response to drugs. It helps doctors choose the right medicine and dose for you.

Not a disease — this is treatment started after potential exposure to a virus (like HIV) to prevent infection. It must be taken within a short time after exposure.

Not a disease — these are tests done during pregnancy to check the baby’s health and development. They can detect certain conditions early.

These are inherited conditions where the immune system doesn't work properly. They can cause frequent infections and may need ongoing treatment with medications or antibody therapy.

This term refers to tissue from a pregnancy. After a miscarriage, medical care may be needed to ensure all tissue has passed to prevent infection.

Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland in men. It often grows slowly and may not cause symptoms at first. It can be detected early with screening.

Also called German measles, rubella is a mild viral illness that causes a rash and fever. It’s dangerous during pregnancy, so vaccination is important.

These are serious inherited disorders where the immune system doesn't protect the body properly. They usually appear in early childhood and need immediate medical care.

Skin cancer happens when skin cells grow abnormally, often due to too much sun. It can appear as a new mole or a change in an existing spot.

TTP is a rare condition where blood clots form in small vessels, reducing the number of platelets. It can cause bruising, fatigue, and organ damage if untreated.

TB is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through the air and can cause cough, weight loss, and night sweats. It's treatable with antibiotics.

This refers to fluid from the vagina, which is usually normal. Changes in color, smell, or amount may signal an infection and should be checked by a doctor.